Yellow Fever

As a registered Yellow Fever vaccine centre we can successfully administer the Yellow Fever vaccine.

Yellow fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease affecting humans and monkeys and is transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito (most commonly the Aedes aegypti mosquito).It is found in tropical areas of Africa and Central and South America.

The yellow fever virus is an arbovirus of the flavivirus genus. There are 3 types of transmission cycles:

Sylvatic (or jungle) yellow fever: In tropical rainforests, monkeys, which are the primary reservoir of yellow fever, are bitten by wild mosquitoes of the Aedes and Haemogogus species, which pass the virus on to other monkeys. Occasionally humans working or travelling in the forest are bitten by infected mosquitoes and develop yellow fever.

Intermediate yellow fever: In this type of transmission, semi-domestic mosquitoes (those that breed both in the wild and around households) infect both monkeys and people. Increased contact between people and infected mosquitoes leads to increased transmission and many separate villages in an area can develop outbreaks at the same time. This is the most common type of outbreak in Africa.

Urban yellow fever: Large epidemics occur when infected people introduce the virus into heavily populated areas with high density of Aedes aegypti mosquitoes and where most people have little or no immunity, due to lack of vaccination or prior exposure to yellow fever. In these conditions, infected mosquitoes transmit the virus from person to person

Vaccine schedule

MAP OF RISK AREAS

Signs and symptoms

• Incubation - 3-6 days.
• llness - after 3-4 days (acute phase) most patients improve and symptoms resolve - in a few cases the disease can develop into a toxic and life threatening phase.
• Convalescence - recovery from yellow fever confers lifelong immunity.

Infection can be asymptomatic but may lead to:

Acute phase:

• Fever.
• Muscle pain.
• Headache.
• Loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting.

Toxic phase (develops after a 24 hour remission of acute phase):

• Fever.
• Jaundice.
• Abdominal pain with vomiting.
• Bleeding can occur from the mouth, nose or eyes.
• Gastrointestinal bleeding.
• Kidney function deteriorates

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